Name: Phragmites (USGS)

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Description: A basin-wide distribution map of current Phragmites populations (as of 2010) mapped by Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI) utilized remotely sensed imagery and in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Data was collected and field truthed for the coastal zones of the Great Lakes. Data was downloaded from [http://cida.usgs.gov/glri/phragmites/]. The invasive variety of Phragmites australis (common reed) forms dense stands that can cause negative impacts on coastal Great Lakes wetlands including habitat degradation and reduced biological diversity. Early treatment is key to controlling Phragmites, therefore a map of the current distribution is needed. ALOS PALSAR imagery was used to produce the first basin-wide distribution map showing the extent of large, dense invasive Phragmites-dominated habitats in wetlands and other coastal ecosystems along the U.S. shore of the Great Lakes. PALSAR is a satellite imaging radar sensor that is sensitive to differences in plant biomass and inundation patterns, allowing for the detection and delineation of these tall (up to 5 m), high density, high biomass invasive Phragmites stands. Classification was based on multi-season ALOS PALSAR L-band (23 cm wavelength) HH and HV polarization data. Seasonal (spring, summer, and fall) datasets were used to improve discrimination of Phragmites by taking advantage of phenological changes in vegetation and inundation patterns over the seasons. Extensive field collections of training and randomly selected validation data were conducted in 2010–2011 to aid in mapping and for accuracy assessments. Overall basin-wide map accuracy was 87%, with 86% producer's accuracy and 43% user's accuracy for invasive Phragmites. The invasive Phragmites maps are being used to identify major environmental drivers of this invader's distribution, to assess areas vulnerable to new invasion, and to provide information to regional stakeholders through a decision support tool. U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center; Anderson, R. P., A. T. Peterson, and S. L. Egbert. 2006. Vegetation-index models predict areas vulnerable to purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) invasion in Kansas. The Southwestern Naturalist 51: 471-480. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[471:VMPAVT]2.0.CO;2) Angel, J. R. and K. E. Kunkel. 2010. The response of Great Lakes water levels to future climate scenarios with an emphasis on Lake Michigan-Huron. Journal of Great Lakes Research 36: 51-58. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.09.006); Bourgeau-Chavez, L. L., K. P. Kowalski, M. L. Carlson Mazur, K. A. Scarbrough, R. B. Powell, C. N. Brooks, B. Huberty, L. K. Jenkins, E. C. Banda, D. M. Galbraith, Z. Laubach, and K. Riordan. 2013. Mapping invasive Phragmites australis in the coastal Great Lakes with ALOS PALSAR satellite imagery for decision support. Journal of Great Lakes Research 39: 65-77. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.11.001); Carlson, M. L., K. P. Kowalski, and D. A. Wilcox. 2009. Promoting species establishment in a Phragmites-dominated Great Lakes coastal wetland. Natural Areas Journal 29:262-280. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0306); Carlson Mazur, M. L., K. P. Kowalski and D. Galbraith. 2014. Assessment of suitable habitat for Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Great Lakes coastal zone. Aquatic Invasions 9: 1-19. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.01); Coutts, S. R., R. D. van Klinken, H. Yokomizo, and Y. M. Buckley. 2011. What are the key drivers of spread in invasive plants: dispersal, demography or landscape: and how can we use this knowledge to aid management? Biological Invasions 13: 1649-1661. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9922-5); Elith, J., M. Kearney, and S. Phillips. 2010. The art of modeling range-shifting species. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 1: 330-342. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00036.x).

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Copyright Text: U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI

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