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Description: Benthos sampling locations compiled from various sources, see metadata table at the download link below for details. Download the benthos metadata table here: http://glahf.org/download/628/.

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Copyright Text: The Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF) project has been funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust and led by Dr. Catherine Riseng, PI at the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment, with partners from Michigan Department of Natural Resources-Institute for Fisheries Research, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, International Joint Commission, Michigan State University, The Nature Conservancy, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, University of Minnesota-Duluth, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey and many collaborating partners in both the USA and Canada. More information about this project can be found at https://www.glahf.org/.

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Layer: Spawning locations (1)

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Description: This data set describes fish spawning and nursery sites in the Great Lakes. It is derived primarily from the Goodyear Spawning Atlas (Goodyear et al., 1982). However, in order to present a more up-to-date view of fish spawning activity, additional information was incorporated in 2011 from several more recent studies, so that some locations have been added, and others have been removed, as compared with the original Goodyear Spawning Atlas. This process was completed for twelve species of interest only: alewife, bloater, burbot, emerald shiner, lake herring, lake trout, lake whitefish, rainbow smelt, slimy sculpin, smallmouth bass, walleye, and yellow perch. Goodyear Atlas points for other species were not included in this GIS file. Please note that these GIS points are accurate, at best, to one arcminute, and many locations are approximate; consult the Goodyear Spawning Atlas for more information on any given point. The fish spawning data update process was performed by Aimee Hoover and Nikki Rose Cosmo under the guidance of Dr. Ed Rutherford. References Adlerstein, S.A., Rutherford, E.S., Clevenger, J.A., Johnson, J.E., Clapp, D.F., and Woldt, A.P. 2007. Lake trout movements in U.S. waters of Lake Huron interpreted from coded wire tag recoveries in recreational fisheries. J. Great Lakes Res. 33:186-201. Argyle, R.L. 1982. Alewives and rainbow smelt in Lake Huron: Midwater and bottom aggregations and estimates of standing stocks. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 11:267-285. Bergstedt, R.A., and O'Gorman, R.A. 1989. Distribution of alewives in southeastern Lake Ontario in autumn and winter: A clue to winter mortalities. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 118:687-692. Brandt, S.B. 1986. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat, diet, and diel-feeding periodicity of slimy sculpin in Lake Ontario. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 115:711-715. Bronte, C.R., Hesselberg, R.J., Shoesmith, J.A., and Hoff, M.H. 1996. Discrimination among spawning concentrations of Lake Superior lake herring based on trace element profiles in sagittae. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 125:852-859. Bronte, C.R., Holey, M.E., Madenjian, C.P., Jonas, J.L., Claramunt, R.M., McKee, P.C., Toneys, M.L., Ebener, M.P., Breidert, B., Fleischer, G.W., Hess, R., Martell, A.W. Jr., and Olsen, E.J. 2007. Relative abundance, site fidelity, and survival of adult lake trout in Lake Michigan from 1999 to 2001: Implications for future restoration strategies. N. Am. J. Fish. Soc. 27:137-155. Bronte, C.R., Krueger, CC., Holey, M.E., Toneys, M.L., Eshenroder, R.L., and Jonas, J.L. 2008. A guide for the rehabilitation of lake trout in Lake Michigan. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Misc. Publ. 2008-01. Bronte, C.R., Selgeby, J.H., and Curtis, G.L. 1991. Distribution, abundance, and biology of the alewife in U.S. water of Lake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 17:304-313. Bronte, C.R., Selgeby, J.H., Saylor, J.H., Miller, G.S., and Foster, N.R. 1995. Hatching, dispersal, and bathymetric distribution of age-0 wild lake trout at the Gull Island Shoal Complex, Lake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:233-245. Bronte, C.R., Selgeby, J.H., and Swedberg, D.V. 1993. Dynamics of a yellow perch population in western Lake Superior. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 13:511-523. Brown, R.W., and Taylor, W.W. 1993. Factors affecting the recruitment of lake whitefish in two areas in northern Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 19:418-428. Bunnell, D.B., Madenjian, C.P., and Claramunt, R.M. 2006. Long-term changes of the Lake Michigan fish community following the reduction of exotic alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 63:2434-2446. Collingsworth, P.D., and Marschall, E.A. 2011. Identifying relationships between catches of spawning condition yellow perch and environmental variables in the Western Basin of Lake Erie. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 140:31-36. Connerton, M.J. 2010. New York Lake Ontario and Upper St. Lawrence River stocking program 2009. In New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's 2009 Annual Report. Crowder, L.B., and Crawford, H.L. 1984. Ecological shifts in resource use by bloaters in Lake Michigan. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 113:694-700. Curtis, G.L. 1990. Recovery of an offshore lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population in eastern Lake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 16:279-287. Dawson, K.A., Eshenroder, R.L., Holey, M.E., and Ward, C. 1997. Quantification of historic lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) spawning aggregations in Lake Michigan. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54:2290-2302. Dettmers, J.M., Janssen, J., Pientka, B., Fulford, R.S., and Jude, D.J. 2005. Evidence across multiple scales for offshore transport of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) larvae in Lake Michigan. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62:2683-2693. Dexter, J.L. Jr., Eggold, B.T., Gorenflo, T.K., Horns, W.H., Robillard, S.R., and Shipman, S.T. 2011. A fisheries management implementation strategy for the rehabilitation of lake trout in Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan Committee. Ebener, M.P. 1998. A lake trout rehabilitation guide for Lake Huron. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. 48 p. Ebener, M.P., Brenden, G.M., Wright, G.M., Jones, M.L., and Faisal, M. 2010. Spatial and temporal distributions of lake whitefish spawning stocks in northern lakes Michigan and Huron, 2003-2008. J. Great Lakes Res. 36:38-51. Edsall, T.A., and Kennedy, G.W. 1995. Availability of lake trout reproductive habitat in the Great Lakes. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:290-301. Eshenroder, R.L., Bronte, C.R., and Peck, J.W. 1994. Comparison of lake trout-egg survival at inshore and offshore and shallow-water and deepwater sites in Lake Superior. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Research Completion Report. Fielder, D.G. 2002. Sources of walleye recruitment in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, and recommendations for further rehabilitation. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Research Report 2062. Fielder, D.G., Schaeffer, J.S., and Thomas, M.V. 2007. Environmental and ecological conditions surrounding the production of large year classes of walleye (Sander vitreus) in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. J. Great Lakes Res. 33:118-132. Fitzsimons, J.D. 1995. Assessment of lake trout spawning habitat and egg deposition and survival in Lake Ontario. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:337-347. Flath, L.E., and Diana, J.S. 1985. Seasonal energy dynamics of the alewife in southeastern Lake Michigan. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:328-337. Freeberg, M.H., Taylor, W.W., and Brown, R.W. 1990. Effect of egg and larval survival on year-class strength of lake whitefish in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 119:92-100. Frie, R.V., and Spangler, G.R. 1985. Dynamics of rainbow smelt during and after exploitation in South Bay, Lake Huron. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:713-724. Goff, G.P. 1986. Reproductive success of male smallmouth bass in Long Point Bay, Lake Erie. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 115:415-423. Goodyear, C.S., Edsall, T.A., Ormsby Dempsey, D.M., Moss, G.D., and Polanski, P.E. 1982. Atlas of the spawning and nursery areas of Great Lakes fishes. 14 vols. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. FWS/OBS-82/52. Hansen, M.J., Peck, J.W., Schorfhaar, R.G., Selgeby, J.H., Schreiner, D.R., Schram, S.T., Swanson, B.L., MacCallum, W.R., Burnham-Curtis, M.K., Curtis, G.L., Heinrich, J.W., and Young, R.J. 1995. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations in Lake Superior and their restoration in 1959-1993. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:152-175. Henderson, B.A., and Nepszy, S.J. 1989. Factors affecting recruitment and mortality rates of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in Lake Erie, 1963-85. J. Great Lakes Res. 15:357-366. Hoff, M.H. 2004. Discrimination among spawning aggregations of lake herring from Lake Superior using whole-body morphometric characters. J. Great Lakes Res. 30:385-394. Holey, M.E., Rybicki, R.W., Eck, G.W., Brown, E.H. Jr., Marsden, J.E., Lavis, D.S., Toneys, M.L. Trudeau, T.N., and Horrall, R.M. 1995. Progress toward lake trout restoration in Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:128-151. H??k, T.O., and Pothoven, S.A. 2009. Energy content of young alewives in eastern Lake Michigan and Muskegon Lake, a connected drowned river mouth lake. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 29:378-387. Hudson, P.L., Savino, J.F., and Bronte, C.R. 1995. Predator-prey relations and competition for food between age-0 lake trout and slimy sculpins in the Apostle Island Region of Lake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:445-447. Janssen, J., Bronte, C., Marsden, E., and Jude, D. 2006. Evaluation of lake trout spawning habitat and egg, fry, and predator abundance on Lake Michigan's deep reefs. Mid-lake reef complex lake trout report. Janssen, J., and Luebke, M.A. 2004. Preference for rocky habitat by age-0 yellow perch and alewives. J. Great Lakes Res. 30:93-99. Janssen, J., Marsden, J.E., Bronte, C.R., Jude, D.J., Sitar, S.P., and Goetz, F.W. 2007. Challenges to deep-water reproduction by lake trout: Pertinence to restoration in Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 33:59-74. Johnson, J.E., and VanAmberg, J.P. 1995. Evidence of natural reproduction of lake trout in western Lake Huron. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:253-259. Jonas, J.L., Claramunt, R.M., Fitzsimons, J.D., Marsden, J.E., and Ellrott, B.J. 2005. Estimates of egg deposition and effects of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) egg predators in three regions of the Great Lakes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62:2254-2264. Jones, M.L., Netto, J.K., Stockwell, J.D., and Mion, J.B. 2003. Does the value of newly accessible spawning habitat for walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) depend on its location relative to nursery habitats? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60:1527-1538. Jude, D.J. 1992. Evidence for natural reproduction by stocked walleyes in the Saginaw River Tributary System, Michigan. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 12:386-395. Jude, D.J., Tesar, F.J., and Tin, H.T. 1998. Spring distribution and abundance of larval fishes in the St. Marys River, with a note on potential effects of freighter traffic on survival of eggs and larvae. J. Great Lakes Res. 24:569-581. Kapuscinksi, K.L., Zorn, T.G., Schneeberger, P.J., O'Neal, R.P., and Eggold, B.T. 2010. The status of Lake Michigan walleye stocks. In Status of walleye in the Great Lakes: proceedings of the 2006 Symposium. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. Tech. Rep. 69. pp. 15-70. Kinnunen, R.E. 2003. Great Lakes commercial fisheries. Michigan Sea Grant Extension, Marquette. Krueger, C.C., Swanson, B.L., and Selgeby, J.H. 1986. Evaluation of hatchery-reared lake trout for reestablishment of populations in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior, 1960-1984. In R. H. Stroud Fish culture in fisheries management, p. 93-107. Lantry, B.F., and Lantry, J.R. 2010. Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Ontario, 2009. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division. Lauer, T.E., Shroyer, S.M., Kilpatrick, J.M., McComish, T.S., and Allen, P.J. 2005. Yellow perch length-frecundity and length-egg size relationships in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 25:791-796. Lumb, C.E., Johnson, T.B., Cook, H.A., and Hoyle, J.A. 2007. Comparison of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) growth, condition, and energy density between Lakes Erie and Ontario. J. Great Lakes Res. 33:314-325. Madenjian, C.P., and Desorcie, T.J. 2010. Lake trout population dynamics in the Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan: Implications for future rehabilitation. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 30:629-641. Manny, B.A., and Edsall, T.A. 1989. Assessment of lake trout spawning habitat quality in central Lake Huron by submarine. J. Great Lakes Res. 15:164-173. Manny, B.A., Kennedy, G.W., Allen, J.D., and French, J.R.P. III. 2007. First evidence of egg deposition by walleye (Sander vitreus) in the Detroit River. J. Great Lakes Res. 33:512-516. Mansfield, P.J., Jude, D.J., Michaud, D.T., Brazo, D.C., and Gulvas, J. 1983. Distribution and abundance of larval burbot and deepwater sculpin in Lake Michigan. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 112:162-172. Marsden, J.E., Ellrott, B.J., Claramunt, R.M., Jonas, J.L., and Fitzsimmons, J.D. 2005. A comparison of lake trout spawning, fry emergence, and habitat use in lakes Michigan, Huron, and Champlain. J. Great Lakes Res. 31:492-508. Marsden, J.E., Krueger, C.C., and Schneider, C.P. 1988. Evidence of natural reproduction by stocked lake trout in Lake Ontario. J. Great Lakes Res. 14:3-8. Marsden, J.E., Perkins, D.L., and Krueger, C.C. 1995. Recognition of spawning areas by lake trout: Deposition and survival of eggs on small, man-made rock piles. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:330-336. Marsden, J.E., and Robillard, S.R. 2004. Decline of yellow perch in southwestern Lake Michigan, 1987-1997. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 24:952-966. Martin, B.T., Czesny, S.J., and Wahl, D.H. 2011. Vertical distribution of larval fish in pelagic waters of southwest Lake Michigan: Implications for growth, survival, and dispersal. J. Great Lakes Res. doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2011.01.006. Nester, R.T., and Poe, T.P. 1987. Visual observations of historical lake trout spawning grounds in western Lake Huron. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 7:418-424. Nsembukya-Katuramu, S., Balon, E.K., and Mahon, R. 1981. A comparison of spawning, harvested, and die-off rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, in eastern Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res. 7:144-154. O'Gorman, R. 1983. Distribution and abundance of larval fish in the nearshore waters of western Lake Huron. J. Great Lakes Res. 9:14-22. Owens, R.W., O'Gorman, R., Eckert, T.H., Lantry, B.F., and Dittman, D.E. 2005. Recovery and decline of lake whitefish in U.S. waters of Eastern Lake Ontarion, 1980-2001. In Proceedings of a workshop on the dynamics of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and the amphipod Diporeia spp. in the Great Lakes. Edited by L.C. Mohr and T.F. Nalepa. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. Rep. 66. pp. 141-155. Peck, J.W. 1982. Extended residence of young-of-the-year lake trout in shallow water. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 111:775-778. Perrone, M. Jr., Schneeberger, P.J., and Jude, D.J. 1983. Distribution of larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in nearshore waters of southeastern Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 9:517-522. Redman, R.A., Czesny, S.J., Dettmers, J.M., and Zapf, D. 2008. Yellow perch population assessment in southwestern Lake Michigan, including evaluation of sampling techniques and identification of the factors that determine yellow perch year-class strength. Division of Ecology and Conservation Science, Illinois Natural History Survey. F-123-R14. Rice, J.A., Crowder, L.B., and Holey, M.E. 1987. Exploration of mechanisms regulating larval survival in Lake Michigan bloater: A recruitment analysis based on characteristics of individual larvae. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 116:703-718. Riley, S.C., He, J.X., Johnson, J.E., O'Brien, T.P., and Schaeffer, J.S. 2007. Evidence of widespread natural reproduction by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron. J. Great Lakes Res. 33:917-921. Riley, S.C., Roseman, E.F., Nichols, S.J., O'Brien, T.P., Kiley, C.S., and Schaeffer, J.S. 2008. Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 137:1879-1890. Robillard, S.R., and Marsden, J.E. 2001. Spawning substrate preferences of yellow perch along a sand-cobble shoreline in southwestern Lake Michigan. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 21:208-215. Robillard, S.R., Weis, A.K., and Dettemers, J.M. 1999. Yellow perch population assessment in southwestern Lake Michigan, including evaluation of sampling techniques and the identification of factors that determine yellow perch year-class strength. Center for Aquatic Ecology, Illinois Natural History Survey. F-123-R-5. Roseman, E.F., Taylor, W.W., Hayes, D.B., Fofrich, J. Sr., and Knight, R.L. 2002. Evidence of walleye spawning in Maumee Bay, Lake Erie. Ohio J. Sci. 102:51-55. Roseman, E.F., Taylor, W.W., Hayes, D.B., Haas, R.C., Knight, R.L., and Paxton, K.O. 1996. Walleye egg deposition and survival on reefs in Western Lake Erie (USA). Ann. Zool. Fenn. 33:341-351. Roseman, E.F., Taylor, W.W., Hayes, D.B., Knight, R.L., and Haas, R.C. 2001. Removal of walleye eggs from reefs in Western Lake Erie by a catastrophic storm. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 130:341-346. Roseman, E.F., Taylor, W.W., Hayes, D.B., Tyson, J.T., and Haas, R.C. 2005. Spatial patterns emphasize the importance of coastal zones as nursery areas for larval walleye in Western Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res. 31:28-44. Savino, J.F., Blouin, M.A., Davis, B.M, Hudson, P.L., Todd, T.N., and Fleischer, G.W. 1994. Effects of pulsed turbidity and vessel traffic on lake herring eggs and larvae. J. Great Lakes Res. 20:366-376. Schaeffer, J.S. 2004. Population dynamics of bloaters Coregonus hoyi in Lake Huron, 1980-1998. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 41:271-279. Schmalz, P.J., Hansen, M.J., Holey, M.E., McKee, P.C., and Toneys, M.L. 2002. Lake trout movements in northwestern Lake Michigan. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 22:737-749. Schram, S.T., Johnson, T.B., and Seider, M.J. 2006. Burbot consumption and relative abundance in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior. J. Great Lakes Res. 32:798-805. Schram, S.T., Seider, M.J., Furlong, P.D., and Friday, M.J. 2010. Status of walleye in Lake Superior. In Status of walleye in the Great Lakes: proceedings of the 2006 Symposium. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. Tech. Rep. 69. pp. 1-14. Schreiner, D.R., Bronte, C.R, Payne, N.R., Fitzsimons, J.D., and Casselman, J.M. 1995. Use of egg traps to investigate lake trout spawning in the Great Lakes. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:433-444. Selgeby, J.H., Bronte, C.R., Brown, E.H., Hansen, M.J. Holey, M.E., VanAmberg, J.P., Muth, K.M., Makauskas, D.B., McKee, P., Anderson, D.M., Ferreri, C.P., and Schram, S.T. 1995. Lake trout restoration in the Great Lakes: Stock-size criteria for natural reproduction. J. Great Lakes Res. 21:498-504. Selgeby, J.H., MacCallum, W.R., and Hoff, M.H. 1994. Rainbow smelt-larval lake herring interactions: Competitors or casual acquaintances? National Biological Survey. Biological Report 25. Shroyer, S.M., and McComish, T.S. 2000. Relationship between alewife abundance and yellow perch recruitment in southern Lake Michigan. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 20:220-225. Sly, P.G., and Schneider, C.P. 1984. The significance of seasonal changes on a modern cobble-gravel beach used by spawning lake trout, Lake Ontario. J. Great Lakes Res. 10:78-84. Stedman, R.M., and Argyle, R.L. 1985. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) as predators on young bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 11:40-42. Steinhart, G.B., Marschall, E.A., and Stein, R.A. 2004. Round goby predation on smallmouth bass offspring in nests during simulated catch-and-release angling. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 133:121-131. Strange, R.M., and Stepien, C.A. 2007. Genetic divergence and connectivity among river and reef spawning groups of walleye (Sander vitreus vitreus) in Lake Erie. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64:437-448. Tin, H.T., and Jude, D.J. 1983. Distribution and growth of larval rainbow smelt in eastern Lake Michigan, 1978-1981. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 112:517-524. Todd, T.N., and Haas, R.C. 1993. Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair. J. Great Lakes Res. 19:445-452. Urban, T.P., and Brandt, S.B. 1993. Food and habitat partitioning between young-of-year alewives and rainbow smelt in southeastern Lake Ontario. Environ. Biol. Fish. 36:359-372. Walker, S.H., Prout, M.W., Taylor, W.W., and Winterstein, S.R. 1993. Population dynamics and management of lake whitefish stocks in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 13:73-85. Warren, G.J., and Lehman, J.T. 1988. Young-of-the-year Coregonus hoyi in Lake Michigan: Prey selection and influence on the zooplankton community. J. Great Lakes Res. 14:420-426. Yule, D.L., Stockwell, J.D., Cholwek, G.A., Evrard, L.M., Schram, S., Seider, M., and Symbal, M. 2006. Evaluation of methods to estimate lake herring spawner abundance in Lake Superior. T. Am. Fish. Soc. 135:680-694.

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Copyright Text: The Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF) project has been funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust and led by Dr. Catherine Riseng, PI at the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment, with partners from Michigan Department of Natural Resources-Institute for Fisheries Research, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, International Joint Commission, Michigan State University, The Nature Conservancy, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, University of Minnesota-Duluth, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey and many collaborating partners in both the USA and Canada. More information about this project can be found at https://www.glahf.org/.

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Description: This Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Map was generated by the Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI) as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) program through the Untied States Environmental Protection Agency. Cladophora, a nuisance, native green alga that grows attached to solid substrate in all of the Laurentian Great Lakes, has recently expanded in extent, partially due to the activities of invasive quagga and zebra mussels. During significant storm events, it detaches and is transported toward shore, where it fouls water intakes and washes up on lakeshore beaches, causing outbreaks of avian botulism as it decays. Our research question has been, "Can Cladophora extent be mapped using satellites for monitoring of this problem?"A depth-invariant algorithm developed at MTRI was first used successfully with satellite imagery to map Cladophora and other submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) on the bottom of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in Lake Michigan under NASA funding. Under a GLRI grant, we have recently mapped the near-shore extent of SAV for Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario (Cladophora is not yet a significant issue in colder Lake Superior). For more information visit: http://www.mtri.org/cladophora.html.

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